Template:Infobox cadmium

	child table, as reused in {IB-Cd} v; e; h;
Main isotopes of cadmium
IT	113Cd

Cadmium, ₄₈Cd
	File:Cadmium-crystal bar.jpg
Cadmium
Pronunciation	/ˈkædmiəm/ Template:Error-small (KAD-mee-əm)
Appearance	silvery bluish-gray metallic
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Cd)
	112.414±0.004; 112.41±0.01 (abridged);
Cadmium in the periodic table
Atomic number (Z)	48
Group	group 12
Period	period 5
Block	d-block
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d10 5s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	594.22 K (321.07 °C, 609.93 °F)
Boiling point	1040 K (767 °C, 1413 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	8.649 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	7.996 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	6.21 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	99.87 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.020 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	common: +2; −2, 0, +1
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.69
Ionization energies	1st: 867.8 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1631.4 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 3616 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 151 pm
Covalent radius	144±9 pm
Van der Waals radius	158 pm
	Color lines in a spectral rangeSpectral lines of cadmium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2)
Lattice constants	Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for cadmiuma = 297.89 pm; c = 561.66 pm (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	30.95×10−6/K (at 20 °C)
Thermal conductivity	96.6 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	72.7 nΩ⋅m (at 22 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	−19.8×10−6 cm3/mol
Young's modulus	50 GPa
Shear modulus	19 GPa
Bulk modulus	42 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	2310 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio	0.30
Mohs hardness	2.0
Brinell hardness	203–220 MPa
CAS Number	7440-43-9
History
Naming	after calamine, in which it was found, itself named after Cadmea
Discovery and first isolation	Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer (1817)
Named by	Friedrich Stromeyer (1817)
Isotopes of cadmium v; e;
IT	113Cd
	File:Symbol category class.svg Category: Cadmium; view; talk; edit; \| references

Cd · Cadmium
Ag ← ibox Ag	^iso ₄₈Cd [e] IB-Cd [e] IBisos [e]	→ In ibox In
File:Symbol category class.svg cat:Cd (0) File:Symbol category class.svg cat:Cd-isotopes (0) Commons Wikidata:Q1091 File:Wiktionary-logo.svg Wiktionary
indexes by PT (page) v e

Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers	view edit
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)	view edit
Top image (caption, alt)	caption: view edit alt: view edit
Pronunciation	view edit
Allotropes (overview)	view edit
Group (overview)	view edit
Period (overview)	view edit
Block (overview)	view edit
Natural occurrence	view edit
Phase at STP	view edit
Oxidation states	view edit
Spectral lines image	view edit
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)	view edit
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight	view edit
most stable isotope	view edit
File:Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg Wikidata
Wikidata *	view edit
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01) See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (0) · (this table: v )

Notes

↑ The thermal expansion is anisotropic: the parameters (at 20 °C) for each crystal axis are α_a = 18.91×10⁻⁶/K, α_c = 55.03×10⁻⁶/K, and α_average = α_V/3 = 30.95×10⁻⁶/K.^[3]

References

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Cadmium". CIAAW. 2013.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
↑ Cd(−2) have been observed (as dimeric and monomeric anions; dimeric ions were initially reported to be [T–T]²⁻, but later shown to be [T–T]⁴⁻) in Sr₅Cd₃; see Changhoon Lee; Myung-Hwan Whangbo; Jürgen Köhler (2010). "Analysis of Electronic Structures and Chemical Bonding of Metal-rich Compounds. 2. Presence of Dimer (T–T)^4– and Isolated T^2– Anions in the Polar Intermetallic Cr₅B₃-Type Compounds AE₅T₃ (AE = Ca, Sr; T = Au, Ag, Hg, Cd, Zn)". Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie. 636 (1): 36–40. doi:10.1002/zaac.200900421.
↑ A cubic Cd₉⁸⁺ cluster with the central atom as Cd(0) has been identified in zeolite A; see Jennifer E. Readman; Peter D. Barker; Ian Gameson; Joe Hriljac; Wuzong Zhou; Peter Edwards; Paul Anderson (2004). "An ordered array of cadmium clusters assembled in zeolite A". Chemical communications (Cambridge, England). 10: 736–7. doi:10.1039/b400166d.
↑ Cd(I) has been observed in cadmium(I) tetrachloroaluminate (Cd₂(AlCl₄)₂); see Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils (1985). "Cadmium". Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie (in Deutsch) (91–100 ed.). Walter de Gruyter. pp. 1056–1057. ISBN 978-3-11-007511-3.
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

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[7] The thermal expansion is anisotropic: the parameters (at 20 °C) for each crystal axis are α_a = 18.91×10⁻⁶/K, α_c = 55.03×10⁻⁶/K, and α_average = α_V/3 = 30.95×10⁻⁶/K.^[3]

[CIAAWcadmium-1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Cadmium". CIAAW. 2013.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[Arblaster_2018-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.

[MetalAnions-4] Cd(−2) have been observed (as dimeric and monomeric anions; dimeric ions were initially reported to be [T–T]²⁻, but later shown to be [T–T]⁴⁻) in Sr₅Cd₃; see Changhoon Lee; Myung-Hwan Whangbo; Jürgen Köhler (2010). "Analysis of Electronic Structures and Chemical Bonding of Metal-rich Compounds. 2. Presence of Dimer (T–T)^4– and Isolated T^2– Anions in the Polar Intermetallic Cr₅B₃-Type Compounds AE₅T₃ (AE = Ca, Sr; T = Au, Ag, Hg, Cd, Zn)". Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie. 636 (1): 36–40. doi:10.1002/zaac.200900421.

[5] A cubic Cd₉⁸⁺ cluster with the central atom as Cd(0) has been identified in zeolite A; see Jennifer E. Readman; Peter D. Barker; Ian Gameson; Joe Hriljac; Wuzong Zhou; Peter Edwards; Paul Anderson (2004). "An ordered array of cadmium clusters assembled in zeolite A". Chemical communications (Cambridge, England). 10: 736–7. doi:10.1039/b400166d.

[6] Cd(I) has been observed in cadmium(I) tetrachloroaluminate (Cd₂(AlCl₄)₂); see Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils (1985). "Cadmium". Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie (in Deutsch) (91–100 ed.). Walter de Gruyter. pp. 1056–1057. ISBN 978-3-11-007511-3.

[8] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[9] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[NUBASE2020-10] 9.0 ^9.1 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

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