Actinium, 89 Ac File:Actinium sample (31481701837).png Pronunciation (ak-TIN -ee-əm ) Appearance silvery-white, glowing with an eerie blue light;[ 1] sometimes with a golden cast[ 2] Mass number [227] Atomic number (Z ) 89 Group f-block groups (no number)Period period 7 Block f-block Electron configuration [Rn ] 6d1 7s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9, 2 Phase at STP solid Melting point 1500 K (1227 °C, 2240 °F) (estimated) [ 2] Boiling point 3500±300 K (3200±300 °C, 5800±500 °F) (extrapolated) [ 2] Density (near r.t. ) 10 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 14 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 400 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 27.2 J/(mol·K) Oxidation states common: +3
+2[ 3] Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.1 Ionization energies 1st: 499 kJ/mol 2nd: 1170 kJ/mol 3rd: 1900 kJ/mol (more ) Covalent radius 215 pm Color lines in a spectral range Spectral lines of actiniumNatural occurrence from decay Crystal structure face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4 ) Lattice constant a = 531.5 pm (at 20 °C)[ 4] Thermal conductivity 12 W/(m⋅K) CAS Number 7440-34-8 Naming from the Ancient Greek ακτίς, "beam" or "ray" Discovery Friedrich Oskar Giesel (1902) First isolation Joseph G. Stites, Murrell L. Salutsky, Bob D. Stone (1955) Named by André-Louis Debierne (1899)
File:Symbol category class.svg Category: Actinium | references
child table, as reused in {IB-Ac}
References
These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
↑ Wall, Greg (8 September 2003). "C&EN: It's Elemental: The Periodic Table - Actinium" . C&EN: It's Elemental: The Periodic Table . Chemical and Engineering News. Retrieved 2 June 2011 .
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2
↑ Pore, Jennifer L.; Gates, Jacklyn M.; Dixon, David A.; Garcia, Fatima H.; Gibson, John K.; Gooding, John A.; McCarthy, Mallory; Orford, Rodney; Shafi, Ziad; Shuh, David K.; Sprouse, Sarah (2025). "Direct identification of Ac and No molecules with an atom-at-a-time technique". Nature . 644 . Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 376– 380. doi :10.1038/s41586-025-09342-y . ISSN 0028-0836 .
↑ Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements . Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9 .
↑ 5.0 5.1 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF) . Chinese Physics C . 45 (3) 030001. doi :10.1088/1674-1137/abddae .
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