Template:Infobox boron

	child table, as reused in {IB-B} v; e; h;
Main isotopes of boron

Boron, ₅B
	Small chips of lustrous gray metal in a glass dish boron (β-rhombohedral)
Boron
Pronunciation	/ˈbɔːrɒn/ Template:Error-small (BOR-on)
Allotropes	α-, β-rhombohedral, β-tetragonal (and more)
Appearance	black-brown
Standard atomic weight Ar°(B)
	[10.806, 10.821]; 10.81±0.02 (abridged);
Boron in the periodic table
Atomic number (Z)	5
Group	group 13 (boron group)
Period	period 2
Block	p-block
Electron configuration	[He] 2s2 2p1
Electrons per shell	2, 3
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	2349 K (2076 °C, 3769 °F)
Boiling point	4200 K (3927 °C, 7101 °F)
Density when liquid (at m.p.)	2.08 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	50.2 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	508 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	11.087 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	common: +3; −5, −1, 0, +1, +2
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.04
Ionization energies	1st: 800.6 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 2427.1 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 3659.7 kJ/mol ; (more) ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 90 pm
Covalent radius	84±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	192 pm
	Color lines in a spectral rangeSpectral lines of boron
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	rhombohedral Rhombohedral crystal structure for boron
Thermal expansion	β form: 5–7 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	27.4 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	~106 Ω⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	−6.7×10−6 cm3/mol
Speed of sound thin rod	16,200 m/s (at 20 °C)
Mohs hardness	~9.5
CAS Number	7440-42-8
History
Naming	after borax, from which it was isolated; Ultimately from Arabic بَوْرَق (bawraq)
Discovery	Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard (30 June 1808)
First isolation	Humphry Davy (9 July 1808)
Isotopes of boron v; e;
	File:Symbol category class.svg Category: Boron; view; talk; edit; \| references

B · Boron
Be ← ibox Be	^iso ₅B [e] IB-B [e] IBisos [e]	→ C ibox C
File:Symbol category class.svg cat:B (0) File:Symbol category class.svg cat:B-isotopes (0) Commons Wikidata:Q618 File:Wiktionary-logo.svg Wiktionary
indexes by PT (page) v e

Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers	view edit
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)	view edit
Top image (caption, alt)	caption: view edit alt: view edit
Pronunciation	view edit
Allotropes (overview)	view edit
Group (overview)	view edit
Period (overview)	view edit
Block (overview)	view edit
Natural occurrence	view edit
Phase at STP	view edit
Oxidation states	view edit
Spectral lines image	view edit
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)	view edit
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight	view edit
most stable isotope	view edit
File:Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg Wikidata
Wikidata *	view edit
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01) See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (0) · (this table: v )

References

↑ Van Setten et al. 2007, pp. 2460–1
↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Boron". CIAAW. 2009.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ B(−5) has been observed in Al₃BC, see Schroeder, Melanie. "Eigenschaften von borreichen Boriden und Scandium-Aluminium-Oxid-Carbiden" (in Deutsch). p. 139.
↑ B(−1) has been observed in magnesium diboride (MgB₂), see Keeler, James; Wothers, Peter (2014). Chemical Structure and Reactivity: An Integrated Approach. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960413-5.
↑ Braunschweig, H.; Dewhurst, R. D.; Hammond, K.; Mies, J.; Radacki, K.; Vargas, A. (2012). "Ambient-Temperature Isolation of a Compound with a Boron-Boron Triple Bond". Science. 336 (6087): 1420–2. Bibcode:2012Sci...336.1420B. doi:10.1126/science.1221138. PMID 22700924. S2CID 206540959.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 28. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
↑ Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 170 (1): 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058.
↑ Holcombe Jr., C. E.; Smith, D. D.; Lorc, J. D.; Duerlesen, W. K.; Carpenter; D. A. (October 1973). "Physical-Chemical Properties of beta-Rhombohedral Boron". High Temp. Sci. 5 (5): 349–57.
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 Haynes, William M., ed. (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (97th ed.). CRC Press. p. 4.127. ISBN 9781498754293.
↑ Gay Lussac, J.L.; Thenard, L.J. (1808). "Sur la décomposition et la recomposition de l'acide boracique". Annales de chimie. 68: 169–174.
↑ Davy H (1809). "An account of some new analytical researches on the nature of certain bodies, particularly the alkalies, phosphorus, sulphur, carbonaceous matter, and the acids hitherto undecomposed: with some general observations on chemical theory". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 99: 39–104. doi:10.1098/rstl.1809.0005.
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

Five of these are named references. They may be cited in the containing article as

<ref name="v1" /> for the source Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF
<ref name="magnet" /> for the source from Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
<ref name="NISTic" /> for the source Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements
<ref name="Lussac" /> for the source by Gay-Lussac
<ref name="Davy" /> for the source by Davy

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[1] Van Setten et al. 2007, pp. 2460–1

[CIAAWboron-2] "Standard Atomic Weights: Boron". CIAAW. 2009.

[CIAAW2021-3] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[4] B(−5) has been observed in Al₃BC, see Schroeder, Melanie. "Eigenschaften von borreichen Boriden und Scandium-Aluminium-Oxid-Carbiden" (in Deutsch). p. 139.

[5] B(−1) has been observed in magnesium diboride (MgB₂), see Keeler, James; Wothers, Peter (2014). Chemical Structure and Reactivity: An Integrated Approach. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960413-5.

[6] Braunschweig, H.; Dewhurst, R. D.; Hammond, K.; Mies, J.; Radacki, K.; Vargas, A. (2012). "Ambient-Temperature Isolation of a Compound with a Boron-Boron Triple Bond". Science. 336 (6087): 1420–2. Bibcode:2012Sci...336.1420B. doi:10.1126/science.1221138. PMID 22700924. S2CID 206540959.

[GE28-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 28. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[8] Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 170 (1): 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058.

[9] Holcombe Jr., C. E.; Smith, D. D.; Lorc, J. D.; Duerlesen, W. K.; Carpenter; D. A. (October 1973). "Physical-Chemical Properties of beta-Rhombohedral Boron". High Temp. Sci. 5 (5): 349–57.

[crc97-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Haynes, William M., ed. (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (97th ed.). CRC Press. p. 4.127. ISBN 9781498754293.

[Lussac-11] Gay Lussac, J.L.; Thenard, L.J. (1808). "Sur la décomposition et la recomposition de l'acide boracique". Annales de chimie. 68: 169–174.

[Davy-12] Davy H (1809). "An account of some new analytical researches on the nature of certain bodies, particularly the alkalies, phosphorus, sulphur, carbonaceous matter, and the acids hitherto undecomposed: with some general observations on chemical theory". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 99: 39–104. doi:10.1098/rstl.1809.0005.

[NUBASE2020-13] 13.0 ^13.1 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

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