Template:Infobox chromium

	child table, as reused in {IB-Cr} v; e; h;
Main isotopes of chromium

Chromium, ₂₄Cr
	Metallic, reflective crystals of chromium metal and a cube of the same material
Chromium
Appearance	silvery metallic
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Cr)
	51.9961±0.0006; 51.996±0.001 (abridged);
Chromium in the periodic table
Atomic number (Z)	24
Group	group 6
Period	period 4
Block	d-block
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d5 4s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 13, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	2180 K (1907 °C, 3465 °F)
Boiling point	2944 K (2671 °C, 4840 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	7.192 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	6.3 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	21.0 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	347 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	23.35 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	common: +3, +6; −4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +4, +5
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.66
Ionization energies	1st: 652.9 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1590.6 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2987 kJ/mol ; (more) ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 128 pm
Covalent radius	139±5 pm
	Color lines in a spectral rangeSpectral lines of chromium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	body-centered cubic (bcc) (cI2)
Lattice constant	Body-centered cubic crystal structure for chromiuma = 288.49 pm (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	4.81×10−6/K (at 20 °C)
Thermal conductivity	93.9 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	125 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	antiferromagnetic (rather: SDW)
Molar magnetic susceptibility	+180.0×10−6 cm3/mol (273 K)
Young's modulus	279 GPa
Shear modulus	115 GPa
Bulk modulus	160 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	5940 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio	0.21
Mohs hardness	8.5
Vickers hardness	1060 MPa
Brinell hardness	687–6500 MPa
CAS Number	7440-47-3
History
Naming	from the Greek χρῶμα, "color", because many chromium compounds are intensely colored
Discovery and first isolation	Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1794, 1797)
Isotopes of chromium v; e;
	File:Symbol category class.svg Category: Chromium; view; talk; edit; \| references

Cr · Chromium
V ← ibox V	^iso ₂₄Cr [e] IB-Cr [e] IBisos [e]	→ Mn ibox Mn
File:Symbol category class.svg cat:Cr (0) File:Symbol category class.svg cat:Cr-isotopes (0) Commons Wikidata:Q725 File:Wiktionary-logo.svg Wiktionary
indexes by PT (page) v e

Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers	view edit
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)	view edit
Top image (caption, alt)	caption: view edit alt: view edit
Pronunciation	view edit
Allotropes (overview)	view edit
Group (overview)	view edit
Period (overview)	view edit
Block (overview)	view edit
Natural occurrence	view edit
Phase at STP	view edit
Oxidation states	view edit
Spectral lines image	view edit
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)	view edit
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight	view edit
most stable isotope	view edit
File:Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg Wikidata
Wikidata *	view edit
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01) See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (0) · (this table: v )

References

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Chromium". CIAAW. 1983.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
↑ Cr(–4) is known in Na₄Cr(CO)₄; see John E. Ellis (2006). "Adventures with Substances Containing Metals in Negative Oxidation States". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (8): 3167–3186. doi:10.1021/ic052110i.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 28. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
↑ Cr(0) is known in Cr(CO)₆; see John E. Ellis (2006). "Adventures with Substances Containing Metals in Negative Oxidation States". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (8): 3167–3186. doi:10.1021/ic052110i.
↑ Fawcett, Eric (1988). "Spin-density-wave antiferromagnetism in chromium". Reviews of Modern Physics. 60: 209. Bibcode:1988RvMP...60..209F. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.60.209.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

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[CIAAWchromium-1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Chromium". CIAAW. 1983.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[Arblaster_2018-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.

[4] Cr(–4) is known in Na₄Cr(CO)₄; see John E. Ellis (2006). "Adventures with Substances Containing Metals in Negative Oxidation States". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (8): 3167–3186. doi:10.1021/ic052110i.

[GE28-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 28. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[6] Cr(0) is known in Cr(CO)₆; see John E. Ellis (2006). "Adventures with Substances Containing Metals in Negative Oxidation States". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (8): 3167–3186. doi:10.1021/ic052110i.

[fawcett-7] Fawcett, Eric (1988). "Spin-density-wave antiferromagnetism in chromium". Reviews of Modern Physics. 60: 209. Bibcode:1988RvMP...60..209F. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.60.209.

[8] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[NUBASE2020-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

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